Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

--- atmos:citation:field:saudifall2023:home [2024/06/30 12:17] – delene
+++ atmos:citation:field:saudifall2023:home [2024/11/15 23:28] (current) – halmos
@@ Line 52: / Line 52: @@
 The 27 October 2023 Flight Engineer Report indicates that aircraft descending to 19.5 kft at 11:01 UTC to sample clouds at the -10 ºC level. A 19.5 kft sample is conducted at 11:12 (40,320 sfm) UTC. After missing the cloud at 11:14 pass, the same clouds is sampled at 11:16 (40,560) UTC at 21.0 kft. Hence, there are two passes of cloud 20231027A. A new clouds is located at 11:23 UTC. Cloud 20231027B is sampled at 22 kft  at 11:33 (41,580 sfm) UTC, at 23 kft at 11:37 (41,820) UTC, and at 24 kft at 11:42 (42120) UTC.
-//Table 2: Listing of the time segments during sampling of convective cloud cores A and B.  The letter in the Flight ID indicate cloud label and number indicate pass on the cloud. The Pressure Altitude from the aircraft's pilot reports recorded in flight notes. The air temperature is from 1 Hz Wing Probe Rosemount temperature probe data contained in the project's science file. Lynnlee Rosolino determine the core sampling times for cloud 20231027A and cloud 20231027B.//
+//Table 2a: Listing of the time segments during sampling of convective cloud cores A and B.  The letter in the Flight ID indicate cloud label and number indicate pass on the cloud. The Pressure Altitude from the aircraft's pilot reports recorded in flight notes. The air temperature is from 1 Hz Wing Probe Rosemount temperature probe data contained in the project's science file. Lynnlee Rosolino determine the core sampling times for cloud 20231027A and cloud 20231027B.//
 |Flight     |M300   |M300   |Core |Press.|Temp.|Temp.|Conc. |Conc. |EffR|EffR|MVD |MVD |LWC | LWC|
 |  ID       |Start  |End    |Total|Height|Mean |STD  |Mean  |STD   |Mean|STD |Mean|STD |Mean| STD|
@@ Line 62: / Line 62: @@
 |20231027B-2|41316.0|41321.5|5.5  |21.0  |-11.7|0.9  |289   |41    |12.0|0.17|24.7|0.20|1.94|0.35|
 |20231027B-3|41635.0|41640.0|5.0  |22.0  |-15.9|0.2  |34    |22    |16.4|1.20|MVC |MVC |0.38|0.19|
+//Table 2b: Listing of the time segments during sampling of convective cloud cores A and B.  The letter in the Flight ID indicate cloud label and number indicate pass on the cloud. The Pressure Altitude from the aircraft's pilot reports recorded in flight notes. The air temperature is from 1 Hz Wing Probe Rosemount temperature probe data contained in the project's science file. Lynnlee Rosolino determine the core sampling times for cloud 20231027A and cloud 20231027B. This is Jacob Halmos’ analysis.//
+|Flight     |M300   |M300   |Core |Press.|Temp.|Temp.|Conc. |Conc. |EffR|EffR|MVD |MVD |LWC | LWC|
+|  ID       |Start  |End    |Total|Height|Mean |STD  |Mean  |STD   |Mean|STD |Mean|STD |Mean| STD|
+|Date-Cloud |SFM    |SFM    |s    |kft   |°C   |°C   |# cm-3|# cm-3|μm  |μm  |μm  |μm  |g/m3|g/m3|
+|20231027A-1|40359.6|40365.6|6.0  |19.4  |-10.9|0.5  |246   |23    |11.7|0.12|24.6|0.13|1.35|0.20|
+|20231027A-2|40772.3|40775.8|3.5  |21.0  |-13.6|0.2  |229   |43    |12.2|0.24|25.0|0.21|1.50|0.38|
+|-----------|-------|-------|-----|------|-----|-----|------|------|----|----|----|----|----|----|
+|20231027B-1|40989.5|40995.0|5.5  |19.5  |-10.5|0.2  |211   |52    |11.5|0.25|23.9|0.65|1.12|0.31|
+|20231027B-2|41316.0|41321.5|5.5  |21.0  |-11.7|0.9  |289   |41    |12.0|0.17|24.7|0.20|1.94|0.35|
+|20231027B-3|41635.0|41640.0|5.0  |22.0  |-15.9|0.2  |34    |22    |16.4|1.20|MVC |MVC |0.38|0.19|
 ==== Cloud Core C and D =====
@@ Line 81: / Line 93: @@
 ==== Cloud Core A ====
-//Table 4: Listing of time segments during sampling of convective cloud A from 10:59 (39,540 sfm) to 11:05 (39,990 sfm).  The letter in the Flight ID indicate cloud label and number indicate pass on the cloud. The Pressure Altitude from the aircraft's pilot reports recorded in flight notes. The air temperature is from 1 Hz Wing Probe Rosemount temperature probe data contained in the project's science file. Cloud 20231028A-1 had three high droplet concentration region (between 39,561-39586.34 sfm; however, only the last had higher effective radius, which indicate the main update on the front side of the cloud. Cloud 20231028A-2 and 20231028A-3 were non-updraft core, cloud samples.//
+//Table 4: Listing of time segments during sampling of convective cloud A from 10:59 (39,540 sfm) to 11:05 (39,990 sfm).  The letter in the Flight ID indicate cloud label and number indicate pass on the cloud. The Pressure Altitude from the aircraft's pilot reports recorded in flight notes. The air temperature is from 1 Hz Wing Probe Rosemount temperature probe data contained in the project's science file. Cloud 20231028A-1 had three high droplet concentration region (between 39,561-39586.34 sfm; however, only the last had higher effective radius, which indicate the main update on the front side of the cloud. Cloud 20231028A-2 and 20231028A-3 were non-updraft core, cloud samples. Cloud 20231028A-4 had 5 seconds of higher concentration droplets 39,855-39860; however only the small period was on the front side with high droplet concentration.//
 |Flight     |M300    |M300    |Core |Press.|Temp.|Temp.|Conc. |Conc. |EffR|EffR|MVD |MVD |LWC | LWC|
 |  ID       |Start   |End     |Total|Height|Mean |STD  |Mean  |STD   |Mean|STD |Mean|STD |Mean| STD|
@@ Line 88: / Line 100: @@
 |20231028A-2|39621.00|39623.80|2.8  |19.0  |     |     |      |      |    |    |    |    |    |    |
 |20231028A-3|39657.20|39665.80|8.3  |19.0  |     |     |      |      |    |    |    |    |    |    |
-|20231028B-1|39855.00|39860.00|5.0  |21.0  |-15.3| 0.32| 214.9|  29.1|9.61|0.17|19.3|0.37|0.67|0.12|
 |-----------|--------|--------|-----|------|-----|-----|------|------|----|----|----|----|----|----|
+|20231028A-4|39859.20|39859.70|0.5  |21.0  |-15.3| 0.32| 325.7|  19.6|9.89|0.05|20.0|0.13|1.13|0.06|
-{{:atmos:citation:field:saudifall2023:20231028_105845utc_small.png?400|}}
+{{ :atmos:citation:field:saudifall2023:20231028_105845utc_small.png?direct&400 |20231028_105845utc_small.png}}
 Figure 1: Image taken on 28 October 2023 flight at 10:58:45 (39,525 sfm) UTC showing the convective cumulus cloud before sampling by the North Dakota Citation Research Aircraft. Picking such a cloud target to sample takes experience as there are many items to consider. Specifically, the considerations for selecting a cloud target includes; cloud liquid water, cloud updraft, lack of cloud ice, cloud bulk size, cloud temperature (cold), and cloud structure (low and solid cloud base). For isolated convective cumulus clouds, there has to be visible growth as indicated by the edges of the cloud increases with time. The cloud needs to not show signs of ice development by have sharp, well defined edges with a “hard tops”. The cloud base should be solid and the cloud depth should be 6-8 kft. The cloud lifetime should be approximately 15-30 minutes. The cloud may, or may not, be sheared. For multiple cellular clouds, the sampling is more complete. There are new cells that develop close to the mature storms, which are called “feeder cells”. If such turrets show visible growth, they can be targeted for sampling or cloud seeding. Typically, the feeder cells develop, mature and merge into the larger storm complex. Aircraft operations around such multi-cell storms are more complex as it is necessary to avoid the large storm which may contain hail, lightning and large updraft or downdrafts.